Ciproall: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects and Composition

Description and Composition of Ciproall

Ciproall is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that contains Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride as its active pharmaceutical ingredient. It also contains other inactive ingredients called excipients in sufficient quantities. Ciprofloxacin is an extremely
broad spectrum antimicrobial agent and acts by inhibiting a subunit
of DNA gyrase which is essential in the reproduction of bacterial DNA.

Indications and Uses of Ciproall

  • Ciproall is indicated for the treatment of single or mixed infections caused by two or more susceptible organisms.
  • Becauses antibacterial concentrations of Ciprofloxacin are obtained in serum and body tissues as well as in the urine following administration by mouth, Ciprofloxacin has been suggested for use in the treatment of a wide range of infections caused by susceptible organisms including infections of the urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, gonorrhoea and septicaemia.
  • The extensive  tissue penetration of Ciprofloxacin combined with its enhanced antibacterial activity (including antipseudomonal activity), enables Ciprofloxacin to be used alone (pending sensitivity results) or in
    combination with an Aminoglycoside or with beta-lactam antibiotics for instance when severe neutropenia is present or with an antibiotic
    active against anaerobes where the presence of Bacteroides fragilis
    is suspected.

Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections
caused by sensitive bacteria :

Severe systemic infections

e.g. septicaemia, bacteraemia,
peritonitis, infections in immunosuppressed patients with  haematological or solid tumors and in patients in intensive care unit
with specific problems such as infected burns.

Respiratory tract infections

Lobar and bronchopneumonia, acute, and chronic bronchitis, acute exacerbation of cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, empyema.

Urinary tract infections

Uncomplicated and complicated urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, epididymitis.

Skin and soft tissue infections

e.g. infected ulcers, wound infections, abscesses, cellulitis, otitis externa, erysipelas, infected burns.

Gastro-intestinal infections

e.g. enteric fever, infective diarrhoea.

Infection of the biliary tract

e.g. cholangitis, cholecystitis, empyema
of the gall bladder.

Intra-abdominal infections

e.g. peritonitis, intra abdominal abscesses.

Bone and joint infections

e.g. osteomyelitis, septic arthritis.

Pelvic infections

e.g. salpingitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory diseases.

Eye, ear, nose and throat infections

e.g. otitis media, sinusitis, mastoiditis, tonsillitis.

Gonorrhoea

This includes urethral, rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhoea caused by beta-lactamase producing organisms or  organisms moderately sensitive to penicillin.

Dosage and Administration of Ciproall

General dosage recommendations : The dosage of Ciproall
is determined by:

  • severity and type of infection,
  • sensitivity of the causative organism(s) and
  • Patient data including  the age, weight and renal function

Adults

The dosage range for adults is 100-750 mg twice daily. That is 12 hourly.

In infections of the lower and upper urinary tract (depending on severity)

250-500 mg twice daily.

In respiratory tract infections

250-750 mg twice daily for both upper and lower respiratory tract infections, depending on severity.

For the treatment of known Streptococcus pneumonia infection

the recommended dosage is 750 mg twice daily.

In gonorrhoea

A single dose of 250 or 500 mg. This is however not drug of choice in this.

Cystic fibrosis

In adults with pseudomonal infections of the lower
respiratory tract, the normal dose is 750 mg twice daily.

As the pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin remain unchanged in patients with cystic fibrosis, the low body weight of these patients would be fallen into consideration when determining dosage.

Dose of ciprofloxacin sustained release tablet 1000mg

uncomplicated urinary tract infection (acute cystitis), the recommended dose is one tablet of 1000mg SR once daily for three days.

Impaired renal function

Dosage adjustment is not usually required except in patients with severe renal impairment (serum creatinine >265 micro mol/l or creatinine clearance <20 ml/minute). If adjustment is necessary, this may be achieved by reducing the total daily dose by half, although monitoring of drug serum levels provide the most reliable basis for dose adjustment.

Elderly

Although higher Ciprofloxacin serum levels are found in the
elderly, no adjustment of dosage is necessary.

Children

The dosage should be 10-30 mg/kg/day depending upon
the severity of infections, administered in two divided doses.

Duration of treatment with Ciproall

The duration of treatment depends upon:

  • severity of infection,
  • clinical response and
  • bacteriological findings.

For acute infections, the usual treatment period is 5 to 10 days with
Ciprofloxacin tablets.

Contraindication of Ciproall

Ciproall is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.

Warning and Precautions

Ciproall should be used with caution in patients with a history of convulsive disorders. Crystalluria related to the use of Ciprofloxacin
has been observed only rarely. Patients receiving Ciprofloxacin
should be well hydrated and excessive alkalinity of the urine should
be avoided.

Drug Interactions with Ciproall

  • Concurrent administration of Ciproall with theophylline may
    lead to elevated plasma concentrations of theophylline and
    prolongation of its elimination half-life. This may result in increased risk of theophylline related adverse reactions. If concomitant use cannot be avoided, plasma levels of theophylline should be monitored and dosage adjustments made as appropriate.
  • Antacids containing magnesium hydroxide or aluminium hydroxide
    may interfere with the absorption of Ciprofloxacin resulting in serum
    and urine levels lower than desired, concurrent administration of
    these agents with Ciprofloxacin should be avoided.
  • Probenecid interferes with renal tubular secretion of Ciprofloxacin and produces an increase in the level of Ciprofloxacin in the serum. This should be  considered if patients are receiving both drugs concomitantly.

As with other broad spectrum antibiotics prolonged use of Ciprofloxacin may
result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organism. Repeated evaluation of the patient’s condition and microbial susceptibility testing is essential. If superinfection occurs during therapy,
appropriate measures should be taken.

Information for Patients taking Ciproall

  • Patients should be advised that Ciproall may be taken with or
    without meals. The preferred time of dosing is two hours after a meal.
  • Patients should also be advised to drink fluids liberally and not take
    antacids containing magnesium or aluminium concomitantly or within
    two hours after dosing.
  • Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness and light-headedness, therefore patients should know how they react to this
    drug before they operate an automobile or machinery or engage in
    activities requiring mental alertness or coordination.

Use of Ciproall in Pregnancy and Lactation

Reproduction studies performed in mice, rats and rabbits using parenteral and oral administration did not reveal any evidence of teratogenicity, impairment of fertility or impairment of pre/post natal
development. However as with other quinolones, Ciprofloxacin has
been shown to cause arthropathy in immature animals and therefore
its use during pregnancy is not recommended. Studies in rats have
indicated that Ciprofloxacin is secreted in milk, administration to
nursing mothers is thus not recommended.

Overdosage of Ciproall

No information on Ciproall overdose is available. Routine measures such as gastric lavage should be performed as soon as possible after ingestion of ciprofloxacin tablets or suspension. Serum levels of
Ciprofloxacin are reduced by dialysis.

Side Effects of Ciproall

  • Gastrointestinal disturbances e.g. nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain.
  • Disturbance of the central nervous
    system e.g. dizziness, headache, tiredness, confusion, convulsions.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions e.g. skin rashes, pruritus and possible
    systemic reactions.
  • The following other reactions have also been reported, joint pain, mild photosensitivity and transient increase in liver enzymes (particularly in patients with previous liver damage)
    serum bilirubin, urea or creatinine levels.

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